Wings, how easy/difficult, draggy/less draggy, pretty/ugly, twisty/stable?

 3 December 2021

Span wise ripples causes more drag, right? And having chord wise undulation is more like a plane's wing. Not saying it shall never be so, because span wise spar protrusions can become more acceptable for modelling metal cladded wings and it is easier to just place spars ontop of a ladder frame of wing planform?

1. Lay the leading, trailing, spar/s or no spar, wing tips.
2. Slot in sheet ribs, achieve flowing airfoil after covering. 
3. (con: the work involved in getting precisely cut sheet ribs)

1. Lay the leading and trailing edges and glue in bottom ribs as before.
2. Glue 1 spar.
3. Glue top ribs and achieve flowing airfoil after covering. 
4. (con: the work involved in getting precisely cut top ribs)

1. Lay the leading, trailing, wing tips and glue in bottom ribs.
2. Glue 2 or 3 spars on top and achieve a segmented airfoil after covering. 
3. (con: not so pretty)

With or without spars? With spar/s, covering top and bottom, more torsion resistance. Without spar, covering top or bottom, least torsion resistance.

Cambered ribs? Prettier, but camber may be inconsistent especially if ribs are bended, leading to warps.